THE PREPOSITIONAL PHRASES AND THE SUBORDINATE CLAUSES IN “DAVID COPPERFIELD” BY CHARLES DICKENS: A STUDY OF SYNTAX
(1) Universitas Indraprasta PGRI, Jakarta, Indonesia
(2) Universitas Indraprasta PGRI, Jakarta, Indonesia
(*) Corresponding Author
Abstract
The objectives of the research are to know the prepositional phrases and subordinate clauses in “David Copperfield” by Charles Dickens. The total sample data of this research are sixty each for two variables. The technique of collecting data of prepositional phrases and subordinate clauses is determining texts in the novel, collecting the selected sentences, and storing them in a table. The research methodology applied is qualitative, and the technique of data analysis is descriptive analysis and hierarchical structures of syntax. Three categories are used to analyze prepositional phrases: post-modifier of a noun (pN), post-modifier of an adjective (pAdj) and adverbial (pA) while to analyze the subordinate clauses, complement clauses (CC), adjunct or adverbial clauses (AC), and relative clauses (RC) are employed. The results of the research are: 1) Prepositional phrases that function as adverbial (pA) are found to be the most category used with 65%, and the preposition of is the most used among others with twelve times in total. 2) Subordinate clauses that function as adjunct clauses (AC) are found to be the most category used with 62%, and the subordinate conjunction when is the most used among others with eleven times in total.
Full Text:
PDFReferences
References
Aarts, B. & McMahon, A. (2006). The Handbook of English Linguistics. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing.
Aitchison, J. (2010). Aitchison's Linguistics. London: Hachette UK.
Algeo, J. (2006). British or American English? A Handbook of Word and Grammar Patters. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Azar, B. S. (2002). Understanding and Using English Grammar. New York: Pearson,.
Barnet, S., Burto, W., & Cain, W. E. (2008). An Introduction to Literature Fiction, Poetry, and Drama. New York: Pearson.
Bohlin, K. E. (2005). Teaching Character Education Through Literature. New York: Routledge Falmer.
Burton, S., Déchaine, R. M., & Bateson, E. V. (2012). Linguistics for Dummies. Ontario: John Wiley and Sons Canada.
Castle, G. (2013). The Literary Theory Handbook. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell.
Chambers, E., & Gregory, M. (2006). Teaching & Learning English Literature. London: Sage Publications,.
Collins, J. & Blot, R. K. (2003). Literacy and Literacies Texts, Power and Identity. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Cowan, R. (2008). The Teacher's Grammar of English. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Crano, W. D., Brewer, M. B., & Lac, A. (2015). Principles and Methods of Social Research. New York: Routledge.
Creswell, J. W. (2014). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches. London: Sage Publications.
Culler, J. (2000). Literary Theory A Very Short Introduction. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
DeCapua, A. (2000). Grammar for Teachers: A Guide to American English for Native and Non-Native Speakers. New York: Springer, X.
Denham, K. & Lobeck, A. (2013). Linguistics for Everyone: An Introduction. Boston: Cengage Learning.
Downing, A. & Locke, P. (2006). English Grammar A University Course. Oxon: Routledge.
Eagleton, T. (2003). Literary Theory An Introduction. Minneapolis: The University of Minnesota Press.
Fromkin, V., Rodman, R. & Hyams, N. (2003). An Introduction to Language. Boston: Wadsworth.
Gay, L. R., Mills, G. E. & Airasian, P. (2012). Educational Research: Competencies for Analysis and Applications. New Jersey: Pearson.
Greenbaum, S. & Nelson, G. (2002). An Introduction to English Grammar. London: Pearson.
Haekel, R. (2017). Handbook of British Romanticism. Berlin: De Gruyter.
Hornsby, D. (2014). Linguistics A Complete Introduction. London: Hachette UK.
Hsieh, H. F. & Shannon, S. E.. (2005). "Three Approaches to Qualitative Content Analysis." Sage Journals (2005): 1277.
Huddleston, R. & Pullum, G. K. (2007). A Student's Introduction to English Grammar. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
—. (2012). The Cambridge Grammar of the English Language. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Jeffries, L. (2006). Discovering Language The Structure of Modern English. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
JR., R. D. V. V. (2001). An Introduction to Syntax. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Knapp, P. & Watkins, M. (2005). Genre, Text, Grammar: Technologies for Teaching and Assessing Writing. Sydney: University of New South Wales Press.
Koeneman, O. & Zeiljstra, H. (2017). Introducing Syntax. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Kornuta, H. M. & Germaine, R. W. (2019). A Concise Guide to Writing a Thesis or Dissertation. Oxon: Routledge.
Kroeger, P. R. (2005). Analyzing Grammar An Introduction. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Leech, G. & Short, M. (2007). Style in Fiction: A Linguistic Introduction to English Fictional Prose. London: Pearson.
Malmkjær, K. (2018). The Routledge Handbook of Translation Studies and Linguistics. Oxon: Routledge.
Mays, K. J. (2017). The Norton Introduction to Literature. New York: W.W. Norton & Company.
Meyer, C. F. (2009). Introducing English Linguistics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Meyer, M. (2011). Literature to Go. Boston: Bedford/St. Martin's.
Miller, J. (2002). An Introduction to English Syntax. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
Petersson, D. (2014). "The Highest Force Hypothesis: Subordination in Swedish." Lund University.
Pilsbacher, A. K. (2018). "Prepositional Phrase Attachment Ambiguities in German. A Cross-Dialectal Experiemental Study." University of Tromsø.
Pope, R. (2005). The English Studies Book An Introduction to Language, Literature and Culture. London: Routledge.
Rainsford, D. (2014). Studying Literature in English An Introduction. Oxon: Routledge.
Rojina, N. (2004). "English Particles, Russian Prefixes, and Prepositional Phrases." University of Tromsø.
Schreiber, J. B. & Asner-Self, K. (2011). Educational Research: Interrelationship of Questions, Sampling, Design, and Analysis. New Jersey: London.
Schreier, D. & Hundt, M. (2013). English as a Contact Language. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Sinclair, J. (2017). Cobuild English Grammar. Glasgow: HarperCollins Publishers.
Tallerman, M. (2011). Understanding Syntax. London: Hodder Education.
Wardhaugh, R. & Fuller, J. M. (2015). An Introduction to Sociolinguistics. Oxford: John Wiley and Sons.
Williams, J. D. (2005). The Teacher's Grammar Book. New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Woods, G. (2017). English Grammar for Dummies. New Jersey: John Wiley and Sons.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.30998/inference.v5i1.7134
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Published by:
Universitas Indraprasta PGRI
Address: Kampus A Building 2, 3rd Floor | Jl. Nangka No. 58 C (TB. Simatupang), Kel. Tanjung Barat, Kec. Jagakarsa, Jakarta Selatan 12530, Jakarta, Indonesia.
Phone: +62 (021) 7818718 – 78835283 | Close in sunday and public holidays in Indonesia
Work Hours: 09.00 AM – 08.00 PM
Best hours to visit: From 9 am to 11 am or after 3 pm. The busiest times are between 11 am and 3 pm.
INFERENCE: Journal of English Language Teaching is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License