The Analysis of Gender in Metaphors: Pramoedya Ananta Toer’s Novel

Ayu Bandu Retnomurti(1*), Nurmala Hendrawaty(2)

(1) Universitas Indraprasta PGRI
(2) Universitas Indraprasta PGRI
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


Metaphor as one of the figurative languages supposition that the more frequently used, both as a sweetener and to get people interested in reading. Not easy to determine the exact word or phrase to be compared as if the word or phrase does not fit will obscure even be able to eliminate its meaning. The purpose of this research is to explain the specificity in the use of metaphor, especially concerning the types of gender. This research uses the qualitative method to analyze the data based on the context of meaning that enveloped it. In this research, it was found metaphors that have a particular use, especially concerning gender such as You, The Girl from the Coast, The Girl, The Flower of the Town, Village Kembang, Night Butterfly, the moon, Spanish Guitar, which are the images that have the specific use to describe the topic of women. While, Governor, Daendels, The Village Chief, An Owl, The Servant, Sea Lizards, Blackguard, the Old Man, Garong Cat are the uses of imaging have the specific in describing the topic of men. The implication of this research can be expanded by comparing the metaphors that have imaging sexed women in English would be translated using the metaphor sexed women also in Indonesian, and how metaphors that have imaging sexed man would translate metaphors imagery sexed man also has answered through this research. The recommendation of the researchers suggests for the next researcher to discuss the other figurative languages such as simile, hyperbole, paradox by using its markers.


Keywords


Figurative Language; Gender; Metaphor; a Man; a Woman

Full Text:

PDF (ENGLISH)

References


Al-Abdullah, M. (2020). Conceptual Metaphors of Time in the Sonnets of Shakespeare: A Cognitive Linguistic Approach. English Language and Literature Studies. https://doi.org/10.5539/ells.v10n2p1

Armstrong, L. E., & Kraemer, W. J. (2015). Introduction to research methods. ACSM’s Research Methods. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315212791-1

Chang, C. T., Wu, Y. C., Lee, Y. K., & Chu, X. Y. (2018). Right metaphor, right place: choosing a visual metaphor based on product type and consumer differences. International Journal of Advertising, 37(2), 309–336. https://doi.org/10.1080/02650487.2016.1240468

Cassell, C., & Bishop, V. (2019). Qualitative Data Analysis: Exploring Themes, Metaphors, and Stories. European Management Review. https://doi.org/10.1111/emre.12176

Cie?licka, A. B., Heredia, R. R., & Olivares, M. (2014). It’s all in the eyes: How language dominance, salience, and context affect eye movements during idiomatic language processing. Second Language Learning and Teaching. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-01414-2_2

Gibbs, R. W. (2015). Metaphor. In Handbook of Cognitive Linguistics. https://doi.org/10.5840/thought195530334

Hamilton, W. L., Leskovec, J., & Jurafsky, D. (2016). Diachronic word embeddings reveal statistical laws of semantic change. In 54th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, ACL 2016 - Long Papers. https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/p16-1141

Hearn, J. (2019). Gender, Work and Organization: A gender–work–organization analysis. Gender, Work and Organization, 26(1), 31–39. https://doi.org/10.1111/gwao.12331

Jenkins, H., Ford, S., & Green, J. (2013). Spreadable media: Creating value and meaning in a networked culture. Spreadable Media: Creating Value and Meaning in a Networked Culture. https://doi.org/10.3983/twc.2014.0633

Johnston, J., & Kittler, F. A. (2013). Literature, media, information systems. Literature, Media, Information Systems. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315078595

Khofiana, M. (2015). An Analysis of Idioms and Their Problems Found in the Novel The Adventures of Tom Sawyer by Mark Twain. Rainbow: Journal of Literature, Linguistics and Cultural Studies, 4(1). https://doi.org/10.15294/rainbow.v4i1.7364

Kusmaini, T. (2020). Analisis Pada Iklan Televisi: Diksi dan Gaya Bahasa Anafora. Kelasa. https://doi.org/10.26499/kelasa.v13i2.75

Miralles-Guasch, C., Melo, M. M., & Marquet, O. (2016). A gender analysis of everyday mobility in urban and rural territories: from challenges to sustainability. Gender, Place, and Culture. https://doi.org/10.1080/0966369X.2015.1013448

Musolff, A. (2012). The study of metaphor as part of critical discourse analysis. Critical Discourse Studies. https://doi.org/10.1080/17405904.2012.688300

Nuraeni, S., Ismail, T., & Kareviati, E. (2020). The Analysis of Figurative Language Used in the Lyric of Awaken by Maher Zain. Project (Professional Journal of English Education). https://doi.org/10.22460/project.v3i2.p187-194

Owens, J., & Dodsworth, R. (2017). Semantic mapping: What happens to idioms in discourse. Linguistics. https://doi.org/10.1515/ling-2017-0007

Semino, E., & Steen, G. (2012). Metaphor in literature. In The Cambridge Handbook of Metaphor and Thought. https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511816802.015

Spain, D. (2015). Gender and Place. In International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences: Second Edition. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-097086-8.10408-8

Susanto, D. A., & Watik, S. (2017). The Interpersonal Meaning Realized in The Lyrics of Christina Perri’s Album “Lovestrong” and The Contribution for Teaching a Modern English Grammar. Deiksis, 9(03), 283-291. Retrieved from https://journal.lppmunindra.ac.id/index.php/Deiksis/article/view/962

Weisgram, E. S. (2016). The Cognitive Construction of Gender Stereotypes: Evidence for the Dual Pathways Model of Gender Differentiation. Sex Roles. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-016-0624-z

Yoon-Kyoung, J. (2020). Woman metaphor in the English language. Korean Journal of English Language and Linguistics, 2020(20), 122–140. https://doi.org/10.15738/kjell.20..202005.122




DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.30998/deiksis.v14i2.10339

Article Metrics

Metrics Loading ...

Metrics powered by PLOS ALM

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2022 Ayu Bandu Retnomurti, Nurmala Hendrawaty

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

  Publisher:
Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat Universitas Indraprasta PGRI

Address: Jl. Nangka No. 58 C (TB. Simatupang), Kel. Tanjung Barat, Kec. Jagakarsa, Jakarta Selatan 12530, Jakarta, Indonesia. 
Phone: +62 (021) 7818718 – 78835283 | Close in sunday and public holidays in Indonesia
Work Hours: 09.00 AM – 08.00 PM
Best hours to visit: From 9 am to 11 am or after 3 pm. The busiest times are between 11 am and 3 pm. 


  Creative Commons License
Deiksis is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.