Potensi Pemuliaan Mutasi Radiasi sebagai upaya Peningkatan Variasi Genetik pada Tanaman Hias

Fitri Damayanti

doi:10.30998/edubiologia.v1i2.9300

Potensi Pemuliaan Mutasi Radiasi sebagai upaya Peningkatan Variasi Genetik pada Tanaman Hias

Fitri Damayanti^(1*)

(1) Universitas Indraprasta PGRI
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract

Pemuliaan tanaman berbasis induksi mutasi radiasi memiliki peranan penting untuk peningkatan kualitas atau daya hasil tinggi pada tanaman hias. Induksi mutasi berarti perbaikan mutu genetik untuk memperoleh tanaman dengan sifat-sifat yang diinginkan melalui perubahan susunan genetik suatu tanaman. Secara komersial, tanaman hias yang diminati adalah memiliki variasi genetik yang tinggi seperti bentuk dan corak daun, warna bunga, masa penyimpanan bunga yang panjang, dan tahan terhadap hama dan penyakit. Teknologi induksi mutasi radiasi yang dilakukan melalui kultur jaringan terbukti mampu menghasilkan sejumlah besar mutan, yaitu dihasilkannya variasi genetik yang berbeda dengan tanaman liarnya. Keuntungan aplikasi induksi mutasi yang dikombinasi dengan teknik kultur jaringan adalah mutasi terjadi dapat timbul pada tingkat sel. Hal ini berpeluang tinggi untuk mendapatkan variasi genetik lebih besar dari teknik konvensional. Keberhasilan kegiatan pemuliaan melalui teknik mutasi radiasi dipengaruhi oleh bagian tanaman yang diaplikasikan dan konsentrasi dosis radiasi yang efektif. Tulisan ini adalah ulasan literatur mengenai potensi dan aplikasi teknik pemuliaan mutasi radiasi yang berfokus pada dosis radiasi sinar gamma yang efektif terhadap induksi karakteristik kebaharuan dari tanaman hias.

Keywords

Kultur jaringan, Pemuliaan tanaman, Sinar Gamma, Variasi genetik

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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.30998/edubiologia.v1i2.9300