THE CONSTRUCTION OF SINGING IN THE CHANTE SONG BY KIDS UNITED (FAIRCLOUGH’S CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS FRAME)

In this research, the researchers intend to research a French song, titled Chante. This song is sung by kids united. This research intends to analyze the hidden meaning inside the text. The purpose of the research is to demonstrate, how the meaning is constructed in the text. The current research works with Norman Fairclough's discourse analysis approach. The present research is based on the thought that discourse, arises from the process of reality construction. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative. The technique in this research is listening to the song carefully, interpreting the text, writing important words, analyzing, and concluding the research results. The results show that this song is not just advice, that humans can get rid of sadness by singing, but this song constructs the meaning of the desires of many teenagers who want happiness by getting a freedom outside their house and family.


INTRODUCTION
Literary works provide the purpose of transmitting any thoughts of a poet, prose writer, script writer, novels even song lyrics.Themes like this can take a form of social, cultural and political critique, as well as representation for issues relating to one's place of residence.According to Ratna (2012, 3), efforts to express thoughts or ideas through literary works can be viewed as a creative endeavor by a writer to engage the reading community to explore issues that occur in life.Poetry as literary works are the fruits of human creative endeavors that arose for a variety of reasons.These literary works are born from human culture in order to show culture or in literary works.Similarly, song lyrics are literary works of poetry to which we contribute tone and melody when we read them, giving life to music accompanied by sung lyrics.Song lyrics and poetry have some parallels.
A song is essentially a sung poem.Sound, rhythm, and language are common aspects in both the song and the poem.According to Pradopo (2010, 23), sound is attractive and artistic in poetry, and it is an element of poetry that helps it acquire beauty and expressive power.In addition, Saleh (2020) explains that songs is not only transmit messages, but they also contain ideological representations.In order to produce the appeal and qualities of the lyrics of the song he or she creates, a composer frequently experiments with words and beautiful language in order to express his concerns.In relation to this, Nurdiansyah (2018,181) states that song lyrics allow a person to convey what he has seen, heard, or experienced.The language game in question is the employment of distinct singers, language styles and word meaning variations, strong melodies, and musical notation that lines up with the song lyrics.Therefore, the language play in question as the employment of diverse vocalists, language styles and word meaning deviations, strong melodies, and musical notation that complements the song lyrics.As a result, listeners may be taken away by the meaning included in the song lyrics, depending on what the author intends.
Song lyrics are written in a light, elegant, and easy-to-remember language as a tool for communicating with listeners.According to Stewart Tubbs and Sylvia Moss in Mulyana (2010, 69) communication is a process of meaning construction that occurs between two or more persons.Communication is a mechanism for delivering both spoken and nonverbal messages.According to Lasswell in Sumartono (2004, 5) communication can occur if there is a communicator, message (spoken), communication medium, and the effects are met.Therefore, songwriters indirectly communicate societal phenomena through their lyrics, allowing them to convey their message and express themselves through singing.
This research was undertaken by a perspective that meaning is not a simple concept to grasp.Researchers investigate a French song, titled Chante.The researchers use song a lyric, because contain a wide range meanings.Songs are also popular works that can be heard directly or used as learning tools.The authors think that delving into the meaning of this song could stir up interest among people in French songs.This research based on thought that the discourse structure research is related to the meaning structure, referred to critical discourse analysis.Mandia (2015, 206) defines discourse analysis as a study that examines or analyzes language utilized scientifically, both in written and oral form, towards users as a component of society.The claim made by Hodgeset al. (2008, 336), who describes formal linguistic discourse analysis as examining structured texts to identify general principles that drive their communicative or linguistic function.As Fairclough's (2000, 12) claim, language can determine context, demonstrating authority through words that modify it.In Addition, Lestari, H. P. (2021) suggests that language can also create reality.
Talking about context, it is text that is associated with other texts and has connections and parallels.In with regard to context, Grabe and Stoller (2013) noted that the presence of text connected to the context can be found in the part of the text that precedes a sentence (at the front) or the part that follows a sentence (at the back).In other words, the context is text that is associated with another text and shares links and parallels with the text it is related to with.The presence of the accompanying text might be found in front of or behind of the text, which are supported.
Therefore, the discourse, which is transmitted in song form through oral or in writing is similar to discourse conveyed in song lyrics.Song lyrics analyses are connected to a rhythmic vocabulary.As Goziyah's (2018,56) definition discourse analysis focuses on language's role as a communication tool, expressing interests, and social interaction.According to Setiawan in Sunartono ( 2020) that the context of the situation is related to social conditions, culture, and so on.Through its logical structure, language operates as a bridge between humans, representing reality and meaning.Ideational, interpersonal, and textual functions are among its meta-function.Language reveals physical reality, interpersonal reality through spoken exchanges, and literary reality through context-specific chemistry.
As previous research, Iswatiningsih and Fauzan (2021) conducted this type of research to define the form of markers and Signs of marine culture in song lyrics, as well as characteristics of maritime culture in Indonesian society.According to the preceding remark, songs are not only a vehicle for expressing feelings, thoughts, and beliefs; they are also a means of imparting culture.The difference between this research and this research is that this research does not research Chante's song using signifier and signified.
This research would like to use critical discourse analysis, because it seeks to figure out particular intentions and meanings in the context of critical discourse analysis.Related to this, Sumarlam in Rahmawati (2016, 50) defines context as the internal aspects of a text, including all the external elements surrounding.Therefore, discourse circumstances can be separated into two categories based on this understanding: language contexts and extra-language contexts.
The term discourse, which is equivalent to discourse, has numerous connotations, including the sharing of thoughts through language and the expression of a notion.Aside from it, critical discourse can take the form of communication in general, particularly as a subject of study or inquiry or written treatises, formal dissertations, lectures, and so on.Thus, conversation is divided into two parts: written discourse and spoken discourse.Fairclough (2003) introduces a discourse analysis paradigm for social and cultural analysis, categorizing it into text dimensions, discourse practice, and socio practice.
Moreover, fairclough (2000) implements three analytical models: text as linguistic structuring, discourse practice as text generation and text consumption, and socio-cultural practices as the social setting of a social group.Cenderamata and Darmayanti (2019) support Fairlough's claim that Norman Fairclough's Critical Discourse Analysis.Fairclough theorizes the concept of discourse in his theory, which aims to unify multiple disciplines, including linguistics, interpretive norms, and sociology.So, Fairlough's critical discourse analysis model, also known as social cognitive discourse analysis, is a practical approach to discourse analysis, focusing on structure of the text, context and social practice.Based on quotation above, as the purpose of the research, the researchers would like to research, the song cognition and societal discourse.Therefore, the research question is what is the deep meaning try to tell in Chante song?

RESEARCH METHOD
The subject of this research is all the sentences in each stanza, contained in Chante song lyrics in the present research.The data was gathered by paying attention to all of the sentences contained in the song lyrics.Chante song consists of eight stanzas.Each stanza has four until six lines.This present research adopts a qualitative descriptive research method, using critical discourse analysis by Fairlough's theory as a tool to analyze this text.Qualitative researchers are expected to analyze and determine the measures that must be made in order to get a greater understanding of a context.According to Tracy (2013, 6), qualitative research is a sort of research that is extremely good for understanding the context and the data produced is descriptive.In this research, discourse analysis of song lyrics was performed by picking texts that were thought capable of figuring out the hidden meaning the texts.

RESULT AND DISCUSSION
The researchers intend to choose a French song lyric, entitled Chante as their courpus data in this research.The researchers are interested in analyzing this song, because Kids United motivates audiences to investigate the nearly magical and supersensory realms how to live happy.

Text
In critical discourse analysis, linguistic analysis plays the important role.This is the reason, why in this section the researchers would linguistically spell out the Chante song lyric text.

a. Morfology
Chante song lyrics use lingual units like pronouns, nouns, verbs, and adjectives to convey information, messages, and themes, with affixation from a process standpoint at the morphological level.In this song, there is some abbreviation, like in: Sors par les fenêtres (fenêtre + s) The word fenêtres gets a suffix affixation which changes the singular word into a plural word.Abbreviation consider as a term is an abbreviation that represents a new form with word status by more lexical elements.There are contraction-style abbreviations in this song.This kind of abbreviation is a process of shortening that condenses a fundamental word or a group of related words.For instance, in english: can-not become can't.

b. Phonology
Phonology, a linguistic branch, studies speech sounds, and poetry often use these sounds to create dynamic and harmonies in humorous language, with horizontal phonological links.In this song, there are several words that have negative meanings (no, not all).This can be interpreted, that not all people always have a good life.Everyone must have or go through a sad phase in life.One of the representative words is rien, which is found in: Comme si plus rien n'avait d'importance = as if nothing mattered anymore Pour un amour un ami ou un rien = for a love a friend or nothing However, the word rien does not always have a negative meaning, if the word rien is added to other words.For example, if the word rien in front of it is added with the word de, it becomes de rien.The word de rien is a word used as an answer to the word thank you (mercy boucoup).

c. Grammar (syntax)
The song lyric has stanzas, made up of sentence linguistic components that comprise a single stanza unit.The sentence's syntactic elements are: first, in the lyrics of this song, the songwriter uses many words in the subjunctive form, which are presuppositions that do not occur, as in: Comme si tu devais mourir demain as if you were to die tomorrow comme si plus rien n'avait d'importance as if nothing mattered anymore The word common (as if) in this case is only meaningful.The conjunction as if can be employed for expressing actual conditions or concepts.When utilizing the pasttense formula, this rule is used.Presupposition sentences describe circumstances in which events do not appear to have occurred but appear to be occurring.In addition, this word does not interpret something that is really true or will actually happen tomorrow.Secondly, the writer combines the word chante, translated sing (as a verb) and fête, translated party in: Chante, oui chante sing, yes sing fête, fais la fête party, party The italicized text describes the context shown in the terms "chante or sing" and "fête or party".As was pointed out in the following discourse text, it is our responsibility to be able to make ourselves cheerful in any challenging situations we find ourselves in.Moreover, the phrases "to or you" frequently appear to convey that the subject matter is the author's personal viewpoint.To bolster his point, the author has presented related facts.Everything happens in the space of a sarcastic sentence, which is formed by prepositional phrases and functions as a verb and a noun.A text is constructed using processes and patterns, which is related to functional pragmatics.This song's language is based on the practice of composing each verse as an orderly arrangement of sentences.The process of writing poetry (in the form of small song lyrics) is completely free.
Nevertheless, when the researchers investigated this lyric text more deeply, they found that this song does not only tell about happiness.This can be proven from the sentence: Sors par les fenêtres Get out the windows And Marche sur la tête Walk on the head The text employs phrasal verbs and nouns to create a metaphorical image of seeking freedom by leaving home.The fragments of sentences can be seen in: Sors + par + les fenêtres Marche sur la tête Get + out + the windows Walk on the head

Phrasal verb Phrasal verb
Metaphor Metaphor From those analyses above, it can be explain that the phrase "get out the window" may not have a literal meaning, such as "jump through the window." The meaning in question, however, is fleeing away from your parents' house in search of a free life.The verb walk on does not mean, walk on the head in reality.This word, on the other hand, means living one's own life according to one's own desires.As a result, language researchers should only be able to assess the literary significance of a text when examining it.They should be able to figure out what the song's author is trying to say.

Discourse practice
Critical discourse analysis refers to the act or attempt of providing an explanation of something in a text that has a direct connection to social reality in order to achieve its goals.That is, one must be aware of the significance inherent in an explanation of the context.The main force in this critical approach is discourse.In terms of chante's song lyrics, the text above demonstrates that the songwriter is expressing his personal opinion through metaphors.This can be seen in the following words: Sors par les fenetres get out the windows marche sur la tete walk on the head This song lyric emphasizes the use of words in a brief and sensitive manner.It makes the best use of language's possibilities, from sound to discourse.All of this contributes to one of the discourse's preconditions: the establishment of full authority.This poem's lyrical language suggests that it conforms to the discourse.Critical discourse analysis makes use of language in the text under consideration, although the language under consideration differs from language studies in the classic sense of the The Construction of Singing in The Chante Song by Kids United (Fairclough's Critical Discourse Analysis Frame) (Yulia Sofiani, Sugianti Somba) term.Critical discourse explores language in a way that ties elements of language to context (in this case, remaining optimistic under all circumstances).
In the present situation, fairlough illustrates the dialectic between social structure and speech.Discourse and social structure do not have a one-way interaction.The outcomes of this research in the implementation process are for readers to better grasp what the author truly wants to portray and as a motivator for listeners to be more tolerant of them-selves and not expose the dark side of our lives, as the song fundamentally is.This research analyzing can be clearly seen in the table below: Structure: building elements starting from the title, array, stanza, and the meaning of using the words

Social practice
According to the findings of the research, fairlough's critical discourse analysis paradigm is well known in social practice.Fairlough analyzes it from both a linguistic and a social practical standpoint to see how the discourse might be generated and what impacts the writer when writing the discourse.Discourse analysis plays a significant part in societal life.Discourse, such as music lyrics, is a type of verbal communication.Knowledge and culture, as well as beliefs and attitudes, are some of the indications seen in social cognition.songwriter wants to use his power to encourage his listeners to look at life wisely by singing.2. However, when the researchers read this song's lyrics more carefully, we can conclude that this song is told about the desires of teenagers who want a free life.Through data analysis through practical discourse analysis, there are two processes of the representation system, namely meaning construction, as follows: words and sentences related to language, that show the desire to live freely, which is closely related to language.Then, language is able to construct the mental state of teenagers who think that life outside the home can make their lives happier.
1 st table Fairlough Discourse System